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          LV16-19-I2C-01-基础知识
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">STM32开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子战舰V3(STM32F103ZET6)</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
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              <ul><li>通用</li></ul><table><tr><td align="center">分类  </td><td align="center">网址</td><td align="center">说明</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">官方网站</td><td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td><td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html" target="_blank">https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html</a></td><td align="left">ST官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.stmcu.com.cn/</a></td><td align="left">意法半导体ST中文官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关中文参考文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html" target="_blank">http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html</a></td><td align="left">FatFs文件系统官网</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">教程书籍</td><td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M3权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3权威指南》</a></td><td alirn="left" rowspan="3">ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu（姚文祥）的力作，中文翻译是NXP的宋岩</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M0权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M0权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">开发论坛</td><td align="left"><a href="http://47.111.11.73/forum.php" target="_blank">http://47.111.11.73/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">开源电子网，正点原子的资料下载及问题讨论论坛</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php" target="_blank">https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">国内Kinetis开发板-野火/秉火（刘火良）主持的论坛，现也做STM32和i.MX RT</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.amobbs.com/index.php" target="_blank">https://www.amobbs.com/index.php</a></td><td align="left">阿莫（莫进明）主持的论坛，号称国内最早最火的电子论坛，以交流Atmel AVR系列单片机起家，现已拓展到嵌入式全平台，其STM32系列帖子有70W+。</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://download.100ask.net/index.html" target="_blank">http://download.100ask.net/index.html</a></td><td align="left">韦东山嵌入式资料中心，有些STM32和linux的相关资料也可以来这里找。</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">博客参考</td><td align="left"><a href="http://www.openedv.com/" target="_blank">http://www.openedv.com/</a></td><td align="left">开源网-原子哥个人博客</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622" target="_blank">http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622</a></td><td align="left">博主是原Freescale现NXP的现场应用工程师</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/cortex-m-resources" target="_blank">cortex-m-resources</a></td><td align="left">这其实并不算是一个博客，这是ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu收集整理的所有对开发者有用的官方Cortex-M资料链接（也包含极少数外部资源链接）</td></tr></table><ul><li>STM32</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="center" rowspan="2">STM32</td><td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103/hal_general/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32 HAL库开发实战指南——基于F103系列开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103badao/std/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32库开发实战指南——基于野火霸道开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr></table><ul><li>SD卡</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/" target="_blank">SD Association</a></td><td align="left">提供了SD存储卡和SDIO卡系统规范</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103ze.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F103xx英文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的英文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/709978" target="_blank">STM32F103xx中文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的中文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0008-stm32f101xx-stm32f102xx-stm32f103xx-stm32f105xx-and-stm32f107xx-advanced-armbased-32bit-mcus-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx英文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的英文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/710001" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx中文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的中文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/100165/0201/?lang=en" target="_blank">Arm Cortex-M3 处理器技术参考手册-英文版</a></td><td align="left">Cortex-M3技术参考手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/programming_manual/pm0056-stm32f10xxx20xxx21xxxl1xxxx-cortexm3-programming-manual-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版(PM0056)</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx/20xxx/21xxx/L1xxxx系列Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——最新版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些资料可以从这里下载</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/archives/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——历史版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些历史版本资料可以从这里下载，比如后边看的SD卡2.0协议</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="./" target="_blank">SD 2.0 协议标准完整版</a></td><td align="left">这是一篇关于SD卡2.0协议的中文文档，还是比较有参考价值的，可以一看</td></tr></table>
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            </details>

<h1 id="一、I2C简介"><a href="#一、I2C简介" class="headerlink" title="一、I2C简介"></a><font size=3>一、I2C简介</font></h1><p>这一部分可以查看笔记《通信协议-03-I2C通信》，这篇笔记主要是关于I2C的物理层协议，读写时序以及各个信号的说明包括对各信号的模拟。</p>
<h1 id="二、STM32的物理I2C"><a href="#二、STM32的物理I2C" class="headerlink" title="二、STM32的物理I2C"></a><font size=3>二、STM32的物理I2C</font></h1><h2 id="1-物理I2C框图"><a href="#1-物理I2C框图" class="headerlink" title="1. 物理I2C框图"></a><font size=3>1. 物理I2C框图</font></h2><p>这一部分我们可以查看[STM32中文参考手册](<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document">https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document</a> &#x2F;710001)的24 I2C接口一节：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-19-I2C-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20230507110330416.png" alt="image-20230507110330416" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h2 id="2-①通信引脚"><a href="#2-①通信引脚" class="headerlink" title="2. ①通信引脚"></a><font size=3>2. ①通信引脚</font></h2><p>通信引脚在框图中有三根：</p>
<p>（1）SDA——数据线；</p>
<p>（2）SCL——时钟线；</p>
<p>（3）SMBALERT——用于系统管理总线(SMBus)，SMBus是一个双线接口。通过它，各设备之间以及设备与系统的其他部分之间 可以互相通信。它基于I 2 C操作原理。SMBus为系统和电源管理相关的任务提供一条控制总线。 一个系统利用SMBus可以和多个设备互传信息，而不需使用独立的控制线路。</p>
<p>STM32芯片有多个I2C外设，它们的I2C通讯信号引出到不同的GPIO引脚上，使用时必须配置到这些指定的引脚，主要是看<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103ze.pdf">STM32数据手册</a>的3 Pinouts and pin descriptions。首先我们看STM32的存储映像会发现，STM32F103ZET6有两个I2C：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-19-I2C-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20230507111255628.png" alt="image-20230507111255628" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>它们对应的通信引脚分别为：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-19-I2C-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20230507111854257.png" alt="image-20230507111854257" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h2 id="3-②时钟控制逻辑"><a href="#3-②时钟控制逻辑" class="headerlink" title="3. ②时钟控制逻辑"></a><font size=3>3. ②时钟控制逻辑</font></h2><p>SCL线的时钟信号，由I2C接口根据时钟控制寄存器(CCR)控制，控制的参数主要为时钟频率。  </p>
<p>（1）可选择I2C通讯的“标准&#x2F;快速”模式，这两个模式分别I2C对应100&#x2F;400Kbit&#x2F;s的通讯速率。  </p>
<p>（2）在快速模式下可选择SCL时钟的占空比，可选Tlow&#x2F;Thigh&#x3D;2或Tlow&#x2F;Thigh&#x3D;16&#x2F;9模式。  </p>
<p>（3）CCR寄存器中12位的配置因子CCR，它与I2C外设的输入时钟源共同作用，产生SCL时钟。 </p>
<p>（4）STM32的I2C外设输入时钟源为PCLK1。  </p>
<p>那怎么计算时钟的频率呢？</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">标准模式：                  Thigh = CCR*TPCKL1 Tlow = CCR*TPCLK1</span><br><span class="line">快速模式中Tlow/Thigh=<span class="number">2</span>时：   Thigh = CCR*TPCKL1 Tlow = <span class="number">2</span>*CCR*TPCKL1</span><br><span class="line">快速模式中Tlow/Thigh=<span class="number">16</span>/<span class="number">9</span>时：Thigh = <span class="number">9</span>*CCR*TPCKL1 Tlow = <span class="number">16</span>*CCR*TPCKL1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>例如，我们的PCLK1&#x3D;36MHz，想要配置400Kbit&#x2F;s的速率，计算方式如下：  </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">PCLK时钟周期：           TPCLK1 = <span class="number">1</span>/<span class="number">36000000</span></span><br><span class="line">目标SCL时钟周期：         TSCL = <span class="number">1</span>/<span class="number">400000</span></span><br><span class="line">SCL时钟周期内的高电平时间： THIGH = TSCL/<span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line">SCL时钟周期内的低电平时间： TLOW = <span class="number">2</span>*TSCL/<span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line">计算CCR的值：             CCR = THIGH/TPCLK1 = <span class="number">30</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>计算出来的CCR值写入到寄存器即可，向该寄存器位写入此值则可以控制 IIC 的通讯速率为 400KHz，其实即使配置出来的 SCL 时钟不完全等于标准的 400KHz， IIC 通讯的正确性也不会受到影响，因为所有数据通讯都是由 SCL 协调的，只要它的时钟频率不远高于标准即可。  </p>
<h2 id="4-③数据控制逻辑"><a href="#4-③数据控制逻辑" class="headerlink" title="4. ③数据控制逻辑"></a><font size=3>4. ③数据控制逻辑</font></h2><p>I2C的SDA信号主要连接到数据移位寄存器上，数据移位寄存器的数据来源及目标是数据寄存器(DR)、地址寄存器(OAR)、 PEC寄存器以及SDA数据线。  </p>
<p>（1）当向外发送数据的时候，数据移位寄存器以“数据寄存器”为数据源，把数据一位一位地通过SDA信号线发送出去；</p>
<p>（2）当从外部接收数据的时候，数据移位寄存器把SDA信号线采样到的数据一位一位地存储到“数据寄存器”中。  </p>
<h2 id="5-④整体控制逻辑"><a href="#5-④整体控制逻辑" class="headerlink" title="5. ④整体控制逻辑  "></a><font size=3>5. ④整体控制逻辑  </font></h2><p>整体控制逻辑负责协调整个I2C外设，控制逻辑的工作模式根据我们配置的“控制寄存器(CR1&#x2F;CR2)”的参数而改变。</p>
<p>在外设工作时，控制逻辑会根据外设的工作状态修改“状态寄存器(SR1和SR2)”，只要读取这些寄存器相关的寄存器位，就可以了解I2C的工作状态。  </p>
<h1 id="三、I2C通讯过程"><a href="#三、I2C通讯过程" class="headerlink" title="三、I2C通讯过程"></a><font size=3>三、I2C通讯过程</font></h1><p>使用I2C外设通讯时，在通讯的不同阶段它会对“状态寄存器(SR1及SR2)”的不同数据位写入参数，通过读取这些寄存器标志来了解通讯状态。  STM32的物理I2C有以下四种模式，接口可以下述4种模式中的一种运行：</p>
<p>（1）从发送器模式</p>
<p>（2）从接收器模式</p>
<p>（3）主发送器模式</p>
<p>（4）主接收器模式</p>
<h2 id="1-主发送器模式"><a href="#1-主发送器模式" class="headerlink" title="1. 主发送器模式"></a><font size=3>1. 主发送器模式</font></h2><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-19-I2C-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20230507112834612.png" alt="image-20230507112834612" style="zoom: 80%;" />

<p>（1）控制产生起始信号(S)，当发生起始信号后，它产生事件“EV5”，并会对SR1寄存器的“SB”位置1，表示起始信号已经发送；  </p>
<p>（2）发送设备地址并等待应答信号，若有从机应答，则产生事件“EV6”及“EV8”，这时SR1寄存器的“ADDR”位及“TXE”位被置1， ADDR 为1表示地址已经发送， TXE为1表示数据寄存器为空；  </p>
<p>（3）往I2C的“数据寄存器DR”写入要发送的数据，这时TXE位会被重置0，表示数据寄存器非空， I2C外设通过SDA信号线一位位把数据发送出去后，又会产生“EV8”事件，即TXE位被置1，重复这个过程，可以发送多个字节数据；  </p>
<p>（4）发送数据完成后，控制I2C设备产生一个停止信号(P)，这个时候会产生EV2事件， SR1的TXE位及BTF位都被置1，表示通讯结束。  </p>
<h2 id="2-主接收器模式"><a href="#2-主接收器模式" class="headerlink" title="2. 主接收器模式"></a><font size=3>2. 主接收器模式</font></h2><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-19-I2C-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20230507113035631.png" alt="image-20230507113035631" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>（1）起始信号(S)是由主机端产生的，控制发生起始信号后，它产生事件“EV5”，并会对SR1寄存器的“SB”位置1，表示起始信号已经发送；  </p>
<p>（2）发送设备地址并等待应答信号，若有从机应答，则产生事件“EV6”这时SR1寄存器的“ADDR”位被置1，表示地址已经发送。  </p>
<p>（3）从机端接收到地址后，开始向主机端发送数据。当主机接收到这些数据后，会产生“EV7”事件， SR1寄存器的RXNE被置1，表示接收数据<br>寄存器非空，读取该寄存器后，可对数据寄存器清空，以便接收下一次数据。此时可以控制I2C发送应答信号(ACK)或非应答信号(NACK)，若应答，则重复以上步骤接收数据，若非应答，则停止传输；  </p>
<p>（4）发送非应答信号后，产生停止信号(P)，结束传输。  </p>
<h1 id="四、相关寄存器"><a href="#四、相关寄存器" class="headerlink" title="四、相关寄存器"></a><font size=3>四、相关寄存器</font></h1><p>这一部分我们可以查看 [STM32中文参考手册](<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document">https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document</a> &#x2F;710001)的24.6 I 2 C寄存器描述。</p>
<h1 id="五、HAL库函数分析"><a href="#五、HAL库函数分析" class="headerlink" title="五、HAL库函数分析"></a><font size=3>五、HAL库函数分析</font></h1><h2 id="1-I2C-InitTypeDef"><a href="#1-I2C-InitTypeDef" class="headerlink" title="1. I2C_InitTypeDef"></a><font size=3>1. I2C_InitTypeDef</font></h2><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> ClockSpeed;      <span class="comment">// 设置 SCL 时钟频率，此值要低于 40 0000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> DutyCycle;       <span class="comment">// 指定时钟占空比，可选 low/high = 2:1 及 16:9 模式</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> OwnAddress1;     <span class="comment">// 指定自身的 I2C 设备地址 1，可以是 7-bit 或者 10-bit</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> AddressingMode;  <span class="comment">// 指定地址的长度模式，可以是 7bit 模式或者 10bit 模式</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> DualAddressMode; <span class="comment">// 设置双地址模式 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> OwnAddress2;     <span class="comment">// 指定自身的 I2C 设备地址 2，只能是 7-bit</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> GeneralCallMode; <span class="comment">// 指定广播呼叫模式</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> NoStretchMode;   <span class="comment">// 指定禁止时钟延长模式</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125; I2C_InitTypeDef;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（1）ClockSpeed：设置的是 I2C 的传输速率，在调用初始化函数时，函数会根据我们输入的数值写入到 I2C的时钟控制寄存器 CCR。</p>
<p>（2）DutyCycle：设置的是 I2C 的 SCL 线时钟的占空比。该配置有两个选择，分别为低电平时间比高电平时间为 2： 1 (I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2) 和 16： 9 (I2C_DUTYCYCLE_16_9)。其实这两个模式的比例差别并不大，一般要求都不会如此严格，这里随便选就可以了。</p>
<p>（3）OwnAddress1：配置的是 STM32 的 I2C 设备自身地址 1，每个连接到 I2C 总线上的设备都要有一个自己的地址，作为主机也不例外。地址可设置为 7 位或 10 位 (受下面 (3) AddressingMode 成员决定)，只要该地址是 I2C 总线上唯一的即可。STM32 的 I2C 外设可同时使用两个地址，即同时对两个地址作出响应，这个结构成员 OwnAddress1 配置的是默认的、 OAR1 寄存器存储的地址，若需要设置第二个地址寄存器 OAR2，可使用 DualAddressMode 成员使能，然后设置 OwnAddress2 成员即可， OAR2 不支持 10 位地址。</p>
<p>（4）AddressingMode：选择 I2C 的寻址模式是 7 位还是 10 位地址。这需要根据实际连接到 I2C 总线上设备的地址进行选择，这个成员的配置也影响到 OwnAddress1 成员，只有这里设置成 10 位模式时， OwnAddress1 才支持 10 位地址。</p>
<p>（5）DualAddressMode：配置的是 STM32 的 I2C 设备自己的地址，每个连接到 I2C 总线上的设备都要有一个自己的地址，作为主机也不例外。地址可设置为 7 位或 10 位 (受下面 I2C_dual_addressing_mode 成员决定)，只要该地址是 I2C 总线上唯一的即可。STM32 的 I2C 外设可同时使用两个地址，即同时对两个地址作出响应，这个结构成员I2C_OwnAddress1 配置的是默认的、 OAR1 寄存器存储的地址，若需要设置第二个地址寄存器OAR2，可使用 I2C_OwnAddress2Config 函数来配置， OAR2 不支持 10 位地址。  </p>
<p>（6）OwnAddress2：本成员配置的是 STM32 的 I2C 设备自身地址 2，每个连接到 I2C 总线上的设备都要有一个自己的地址，作为主机也不例外。地址可设置为 7 位，只要该地址是 I2C 总线上唯一的即可。</p>
<p>（7）GeneralCallMode：本成员是关于 I2C 从模式时的广播呼叫模式设置。</p>
<p>（8）NoStretchMode：本成员是关于 I2C 禁止时钟延长模式设置，用于在从模式下禁止时钟延长。它在主模式下必须保持关闭。配置完这些结构体成员值，调用库函数 HAL_I2C_Init 即可把结构体的配置写入到寄存器中。  </p>
<h2 id="2-读取与写入"><a href="#2-读取与写入" class="headerlink" title="2. 读取与写入"></a><font size=3>2. 读取与写入</font></h2><p>其实HAL_I2C_Mem_Write 就是等价于先用HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit传输第一个寄存器地址，再用HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit传输写入第一个寄存器的数据。所以，如果只是往某个外设中读&#x2F;写数据，则用Master_Receive&#x2F;Master_Transmit就OK了，如果是外设里面还有子地址（像E2PROM），有设备地址，还有每个数据的寄存器存储地址，则用Mem_Write。（Mem_Write是两个地址，Master_Transmit只有从机地址）。</p>
<h3 id="2-1-HAL-I2C-Master-Transmit"><a href="#2-1-HAL-I2C-Master-Transmit" class="headerlink" title="2.1 HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit()"></a><font size=3>2.1 HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit()</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit</span><span class="params">(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c,<span class="type">uint16_t</span> DevAddress,<span class="type">uint8_t</span> *pData,<span class="type">uint16_t</span> Size,<span class="type">uint32_t</span> Timeout)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">- 功能： 写数据</span><br><span class="line">- 参数：</span><br><span class="line">  *hi2c      设置使用的是那个IIC 例：&amp;hi2c1</span><br><span class="line">  DevAddress 写入的地址 设置写入数据的地址 例：<span class="number">0xA0</span></span><br><span class="line">  *pData     需要写入的数据</span><br><span class="line">  Size       需要发送的字节数</span><br><span class="line">  Timeout    最大传输时间，超过传输时间将自动退出传输函数</span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 发送两个字节数据，IIC写数据函数</span></span><br><span class="line">- 例如：HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&amp;hi2c1,<span class="number">0xA0</span>,(<span class="type">uint8_t</span>*)TxData,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="2-2-HAL-I2C-Master-Receive"><a href="#2-2-HAL-I2C-Master-Receive" class="headerlink" title="2.2 HAL_I2C_Master_Receive()"></a><font size=3>2.2 HAL_I2C_Master_Receive()</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_I2C_Master_Receive</span><span class="params">(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c,<span class="type">uint16_t</span> DevAddress,<span class="type">uint8_t</span> *pData,<span class="type">uint16_t</span> Size,<span class="type">uint32_t</span> Timeout)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">- 功能： 接收数据</span><br><span class="line">- 参数：</span><br><span class="line">  *hi2c      设置使用的是那个IIC 例：&amp;hi2c2</span><br><span class="line">  DevAddress 写入的地址 设置写入数据的地址 例：<span class="number">0xA0</span></span><br><span class="line">  *pData     存储读取到的数据</span><br><span class="line">  Size       需要发送的字节数</span><br><span class="line">  Timeout    最大传输时间，超过传输时间将自动退出传输函数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="2-3-HAL-I2C-Mem-Write"><a href="#2-3-HAL-I2C-Mem-Write" class="headerlink" title="2.3 HAL_I2C_Mem_Write()"></a><font size=3>2.3 HAL_I2C_Mem_Write()</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_I2C_Mem_Write</span><span class="params">(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> DevAddress, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> MemAddress, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> MemAddSize, <span class="type">uint8_t</span> *pData, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> Size, <span class="type">uint32_t</span> Timeout)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">- 功能：IIC写多个数据，该函数适用于IIC外设里面还有子地址寄存器的地址，比如E2PROM，除了</span><br><span class="line">       设备地址，每个存储字节都有其对应的地址。</span><br><span class="line">- 参数：</span><br><span class="line">  *hi2c      设置使用的是那个IIC 例：&amp;hi2c2</span><br><span class="line">  DevAddress 写入的地址 设置写入数据的地址 例：<span class="number">0xA0</span></span><br><span class="line">  MemAddress 从机寄存器地址，每写入一个字节数据，地址就会自动+<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">  MemAddSize 从机寄存器地址字节长度 <span class="number">8</span>位/<span class="number">16</span>位</span><br><span class="line">             写入数据的字节类型 <span class="number">8</span>位/<span class="number">16</span>位</span><br><span class="line">             I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT</span><br><span class="line">             I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_16BIT</span><br><span class="line">  *pData     需要写入的数据的起始地址</span><br><span class="line">  Size       传输数据的大小，需要发送的字节数</span><br><span class="line">  Timeout    最大传输时间，超过传输时间将自动退出传输函数</span><br><span class="line">- 例如：HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&amp;hi2c1,ADDR,i,I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,&amp;(I2C_Buffer_Write[i]),<span class="number">8</span>,<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="2-4-HAL-I2C-Mem-Read"><a href="#2-4-HAL-I2C-Mem-Read" class="headerlink" title="2.4 HAL_I2C_Mem_Read()"></a><font size=3>2.4 HAL_I2C_Mem_Read()</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_I2C_Mem_Read</span><span class="params">(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> DevAddress, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> MemAddress, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> MemAddSize, <span class="type">uint8_t</span> *pData, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> Size, <span class="type">uint32_t</span> Timeout)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">- 功能：IIC读多个数据，该函数适用于IIC外设里面还有子地址寄存器的地址，比如E2PROM，除了</span><br><span class="line">       设备地址，每个存储字节都有其对应的地址。</span><br><span class="line">- 参数：</span><br><span class="line">  *hi2c      设置使用的是那个IIC 例：&amp;hi2c2</span><br><span class="line">  DevAddress 读取的地址 设置读取数据的地址 例：<span class="number">0xA0</span></span><br><span class="line">  MemAddress 从机寄存器地址，每读入一个字节数据，地址就会自动+<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">  MemAddSize 从机寄存器地址字节长度 <span class="number">8</span>位/<span class="number">16</span>位</span><br><span class="line">             读取数据的字节类型 <span class="number">8</span>位/<span class="number">16</span>位</span><br><span class="line">             I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT</span><br><span class="line">             I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_16BIT</span><br><span class="line">  *pData     需要读取的数据的起始地址</span><br><span class="line">  Size       传输数据的大小，需要发送的字节数</span><br><span class="line">  Timeout    最大传输时间，超过传输时间将自动退出传输函数</span><br><span class="line">- 例如：HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&amp;hi2c1,ADDR,i,I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,&amp;(I2C_Buffer_read[i]),<span class="number">8</span>,<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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